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Skin Research and Technology : Official... Jan 2022Cutaneous pseudolymphomas are reactive lymphoproliferations. The most frequent type is nodular pseudolymphoma, and to date, their ultrasonographic appearance has not...
Cutaneous pseudolymphomas are reactive lymphoproliferations. The most frequent type is nodular pseudolymphoma, and to date, their ultrasonographic appearance has not been reported. We reviewed the ultrasound images of histologically confirmed nodular types of pseudolymphomas studied with 18 and 71 MHz linear probes. All lesions were predominantly hypoechoic and presented prominent vascularity. Seventy percent of cases involved dermis and hypodermis, and 30% were only dermal. Seventy percent of cases showed internal hypoechoic globules, and 100% presented a teardrop sign, more clearly detected at 71 MHz. Ultrasound can support the diagnosis, assessment of the extent, and degree of vascularity of cutaneous nodular pseudolymphomas.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Pseudolymphoma; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 34455640
DOI: 10.1111/srt.13099 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology May 2013Lyme disease is a multisystem illness which is caused by the strains of spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and transmitted by the tick, Ixodes. Though very...
Lyme disease is a multisystem illness which is caused by the strains of spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and transmitted by the tick, Ixodes. Though very commonly reported from the temperate regions of the world, the incidence has increased worldwide due to increasing travel and changing habitats of the vector. Few cases have been reported from the Indian subcontinent too. Skin manifestations are the earliest to occur, and diagnosing these lesions followed by appropriate treatment, can prevent complications of the disease, which are mainly neurological. The three main dermatological manifestations are erythema chronicum migrans, borrelial lymphocytoma and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. Many other dermatological conditions including morphea, lichen sclerosus and lately B cell lymphoma, have been attributed to the disease. Immunofluorescence and polymerase reaction tests have been developed to overcome the problems for diagnosis. Culture methods are also used for diagnosis. Treatment with Doxycycline is the mainstay of management, though prevention is of utmost importance. Vaccines against the condition are still not very successful. Hence, the importance of recognising the cutaneous manifestations early, to prevent systemic complications which can occur if left untreated, can be understood. This review highlights the cutaneous manifestations of Lyme borreliosis and its management.
PubMed: 23723463
DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.110822 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology Nov 2014Lymphocytoma cutis (LC) is one of the most common types of cutaneous B cell pseudolymphoma. Borrelial LC occurs most commonly in areas endemic for Ixodes ricinus tick in...
Lymphocytoma cutis (LC) is one of the most common types of cutaneous B cell pseudolymphoma. Borrelial LC occurs most commonly in areas endemic for Ixodes ricinus tick in Europe, and it is rare in North America. The disease is rarely seen in India and may cause diagnostic difficulties for dermatologist residing in parts of the world that are not endemic for Lyme disease. The diagnosis is critical as LC may present as the only early manifestation of Lyme disease. Herein, we have presented a case of borrelial LC in an 11-year-old boy of German descent, residing in India.
PubMed: 25484392
DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.143530 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia Mar 2024Skin modification through tattoos is as old as humanity itself. However, this trend is on the rise, and with the use of different types of pigments and application... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Skin modification through tattoos is as old as humanity itself. However, this trend is on the rise, and with the use of different types of pigments and application practices, both cutaneous and systemic complications can arise. Adverse reactions can be grouped into five classes: inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic, aesthetic, and miscellaneous. On histopathology, inflammatory reactions can exhibit a lichenoid pattern or present as spongiotic dermatitis, granulomatous reactions, pseudolymphoma, pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, or scleroderma/morphea-like changes. This article reviews tattoo complications, including their clinical and histopathological characteristics.
METHODS
An open search was conducted on PubMed using the terms "tattoo", "complications", and "skin". No limits were set for period, language, or publication type of the articles.
RESULTS
Reactions to tattoos are reported in up to 67% of people who get tattooed, with papulonodular and granulomatous reactions being the most common. Some neoplastic complications have been described, but their causality is still debated. Any pigment can cause adverse reactions, although red ink is more frequently associated with them. Patients with pre-existing dermatoses may experience exacerbation or complications of their diseases when getting tattoos; therefore, this procedure is not recommended for this patient group.
CONCLUSIONS
Dermatological consultation is recommended before getting a tattoo, as well as a histopathological examination in case of complications. In patients who develop cutaneous inflammatory reactions following tattooing, additional studies are recommended to investigate systemic diseases such as sarcoidosis, pyoderma gangrenosum, atopic dermatitis, and neoplasms. It is important for physicians to be trained in providing appropriate care in case of complications.
PubMed: 38521707
DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2023.07.004 -
Dermatopathology (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2021The term "pseudomalignancy" covers a large, heterogenous group of diseases characterized by a benign cellular proliferation, hyperplasia, or infiltrate that resembles a... (Review)
Review
The term "pseudomalignancy" covers a large, heterogenous group of diseases characterized by a benign cellular proliferation, hyperplasia, or infiltrate that resembles a true malignancy clinically or histologically. Here, we (i) provide a non-exhaustive review of several inflammatory skin diseases and benign skin proliferations that can mimic a malignant neoplasm in children, (ii) give pathologists some helpful clues to guide their diagnosis, and (iii) highlight pitfalls to be avoided. The observation of clinical-pathological correlations is often important in this situation and can sometimes be the only means (along with careful monitoring of the disease's clinical course) of reaching a firm diagnosis.
PubMed: 34449607
DOI: 10.3390/dermatopathology8030042 -
European Review For Medical and... Dec 2020Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium identified for the first time about 30 years ago and commonly considered as the main pathogenic factor of gastritis and... (Review)
Review
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium identified for the first time about 30 years ago and commonly considered as the main pathogenic factor of gastritis and peptic ulcer. Since then, it was found to be associated with several gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal diseases. Helicobacter pylori is also associated with many skin disorders including, but not limited to, chronic urticaria, rosacea, lichen planus, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, pemphigus vulgaris, vitiligo, primary cutaneous MALT-type lymphoma, sublamina densa-type linear IgA bullous dermatosis, primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphomas and cutaneous T-cell pseudolymphoma. Literature up to September 2020 shows that clear evidence exists only for some of the mentioned associations, while in the majority of cases, data appear contrasting. The aim of this review is to summarize the available studies on the topic and draw possible conclusions. Further clinical and laboratory studies are needed to assess the real plausibility and relevance of these associations, as well as the possible role of Helicobacter pylori with the underlying pathogenic mechanisms.
Topics: Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 33336746
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202012_24019 -
Indian Dermatology Online Journal 2022Skin is the largest organ in the human body and mirrors the changes in the organism it envelops. Internal malignancies can cause various specific and non-specific...
INTRODUCTION
Skin is the largest organ in the human body and mirrors the changes in the organism it envelops. Internal malignancies can cause various specific and non-specific cutaneous manifestations along with hair, nail and oral mucosal changes. Some of the changes are detected early indicating a strong association with cancer, while some occur in later stage indicating dissemination or immunosuppression. The present study is an effort to know pattern of dermatosis associated with internal malignancies so that early diagnosis and interventions can be done.
AIM
To determine the pattern of specific and non-specific dermatosis associated with internal malignancy.
METHODS AND MATERIAL
Patients of internal malignancies with skin lesions attending dermatology and oncology department during July 2020 to June 2021 were recruited in the study after taking written informed consent. A detailed history of skin lesions and malignancies were taken. Clinical examination (skin/hair/nail) was carried out and photographs were taken. Relevant investigations were carried out. Frequency and percentage of dermographic data and dermatosis associated with internal malignancies were calculated.
RESULTS
The study included 150 patients with maximum number of patients 78 (52%) in 41-60 years of age group with female: male ratio of 1.2:1. Most common internal malignancy was breast carcinoma in 43 (28.67%) cases. Specific dermatosis were seen in 5 (3.33%) cases and non-specific dermatosis in 121 (80.66%) cases. Specific dermatosis were vasculitis, necrolytic migratory erythema, lymphocytoma cutis, growth and cutaneous metastasis with 1 (0.67%) patient each. Most common non-specific dermatosis was herpes zoster in 17 (11.33%) cases.
CONCLUSION
The study was useful in understanding the various specific and non specific dermatosis associated with internal malignancies and thereby helping the physician to manage the conditions.
PubMed: 36262570
DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_708_21 -
Medecine Et Maladies Infectieuses Aug 2019Lyme borreliosis is transmitted en France by the tick Ixodes ricinus, endemic in metropolitan France. In the absence of vaccine licensed for use in humans, primary... (Review)
Review
Lyme borreliosis is transmitted en France by the tick Ixodes ricinus, endemic in metropolitan France. In the absence of vaccine licensed for use in humans, primary prevention mostly relies on mechanical protection (clothes covering most parts of the body) that may be completed by chemical protection (repulsives). Secondary prevention relies on early detection of ticks after exposure, and mechanical extraction. There is currently no situation in France when prophylactic antibiotics would be recommended. The incidence of Lyme borreliosis in France, estimated through a network of general practitioners (réseau Sentinelles), and nationwide coding system for hospital stays, has not significantly changed between 2009 and 2017, with a mean incidence estimated at 53 cases/100,000 inhabitants/year, leading to 1.3 hospital admission/100,000 inhabitants/year. Other tick-borne diseases are much more seldom in France: tick-borne encephalitis (around 20 cases/year), spotted-fever rickettsiosis (primarily mediterranean spotted fever, around 10 cases/year), tularemia (50-100 cases/year, of which 20% are transmitted by ticks), human granulocytic anaplasmosis (<10 cases/year), and babesiosis (<5 cases/year). The main circumstances of diagnosis for Lyme borreliosis are cutaneous manifestations (primarily erythema migrans, much more rarely borrelial lymphocytoma and atrophic chronic acrodermatitis), neurological (<15% of cases, mostly meningoradiculitis and cranial nerve palsy, especially facial nerve) and rheumatologic (mostly knee monoarthritis, with recurrences). Cardiac and ophtalmologic manifestations are very rarely encountered.
Topics: Animals; Babesiosis; Encephalitis, Tick-Borne; France; Humans; Ixodes; Lyme Disease; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Skin Diseases, Bacterial; Societies, Scientific; Tick-Borne Diseases
PubMed: 31097370
DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2019.04.381 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Oct 2014Primary cutaneous CD4⁺ small/medium T-cell lymphoma is a provisional and controversial entity with a broad differential diagnosis. Despite being an uncommon lymphoma,... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Primary cutaneous CD4⁺ small/medium T-cell lymphoma is a provisional and controversial entity with a broad differential diagnosis. Despite being an uncommon lymphoma, it is a frequent diagnostic consideration in cutaneous biopsies with a dense lymphoid infiltrate because it shows overlapping features with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (pseudolymphoma) and a variety of other primary cutaneous and systemic lymphomas. However, proper classification of this process is important for determining patient prognosis and treatment options.
OBJECTIVE
To review the clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic features of primary cutaneous CD4⁺ small/medium T-cell lymphoma and contrast those features with entities in the differential diagnosis.
DATA SOURCES
Applicable literature will be reviewed with emphasis on current controversies and distinguishing characteristics.
CONCLUSIONS
Although many consider primary cutaneous CD4⁺ small/medium T-cell lymphoma to be indistinguishable from reactive lymphoid hyperplasia/pseudolymphoma, it can be differentiated from other primary cutaneous and systemic lymphomas. Patients with solitary lesions of primary cutaneous CD4⁺ small/medium T-cell lymphoma generally have an excellent prognosis. Nevertheless, a subset of patients who have been reported to meet criteria for this lymphoma have followed a more-aggressive course; however, those patients show some differing clinical, morphologic, and immunophenotypic features.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; CD4 Antigens; Diagnosis, Differential; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous; Mycosis Fungoides; Prognosis; Pseudolymphoma; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 25268194
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0299-CC